CMO No. 1 s. 2000 was issued to set forth policies, and guidelines in the implementation of international linkages and twinning programs between international and Philippines HEIs to safeguard the integrity, quality, and systematic internationalized higher education in the country and further facilitate the development of a human resource base that will be responsive to the demands of the 21st century. Through the issued Order, International linkages and Twinning programs Initiatives were formally introduced to the Philippine HEIs with foreign institutions of higher learning through inter-university partnerships, networking, consortium, linkages, and twinning programs.